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Message: <blockquote data-quote="Lycanthrope" data-source="post: 38389" data-attributes="member: 562">[h=2]Stephen Hawking’s new research: ‘There are no black holes’[/h]<ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">By <a href="http://www.extremetech.com/author/santhony" target="_blank">Sebastian Anthony</a> on January 27, 2014 at 9:48 am</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/175414-stephen-hawking-research-there-are-no-black-holes#disqus_thread" target="_blank">84 Comments</a></li> </ul><img src="https://nodakangler.com/forums/images/not_found/2015/07/artistimpressionblackhole640x452-1.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />         [h=3]Share This article[/h]     1.7K1451862      Exactly 40 years after famed theoretical physicist Stephen  Hawking brought event horizons and black holes into the public eye, he  is now claiming that black holes don’t actually exist. Instead of  all-consuming event horizons and black holes which nothing can escape  from, Hawking now proposes that there are “apparent horizons” which suck  in matter and energy — but only temporarily, before eventually  releasing them again.To be clear, Hawking isn’t proposing that  black holes don’t exist — just that black holes, as we’ve understood  them for the last 40 years or so (thanks to work done by Hawking and  others), don’t exist. The current understanding is that black holes are  surrounded by an event horizon — a boundary in spacetime which only  allow matter and energy to pass through one way, towards the black hole.  It is, in other words, the point of no return. This is why black holes  appear black — energy can’t escape, and so they produce no light and no  heat. In thermodynamics terms, a black hole is a perfect black body — an  object that absorbs all energy and radiation.The problem with  this theory, though, is that it’s based on general relativity. In recent  years, as our understanding of quantum theory has improved, numerous  conflicts have arisen, especially in places where both theories apply —  such as black holes and event horizons. Basically, quantum mechanics has  a big issue with the idea that event horizons completely and utterly  destroy information — a big no-no in the world of quantum. Hawking’s new  proposal tries to ameliorate this conflict between the two theories.  (Read: <a href="http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/172130-wormholes-are-just-quantum-entangled-black-holes-says-new-research" target="_blank">Wormholes are just quantum entangled black holes, says new research</a>.)<a href="http://www.extremetech.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/event_horizon_gravity_drive.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://nodakangler.com/forums/images/not_found/2015/07/event_horizon_gravity_drive300x198-1.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a>The Event Horizon’s “gravity drive.” I wonder if the film will have to be renamed Apparent Horizon…In a short research paper (<a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1401.5761" target="_blank">arXiv:1401.5761</a>)  called “Information Preservation and Weather Forecasting for Black  Holes,” Hawking proposes that black holes are instead enveloped by an apparent horizon.  Basically, instead of an event horizon that blocks everything  absolutely, an apparent horizon suspends matter and energy from trying  to escape — and when it does escape, due to the wild fluctuations within  a black hole and its apparent horizon, the energy would be released in a  garbled form. Hawking likens these fluctuations to weather on Earth:  “It will be like weather forecasting on Earth. That is unitary, but  chaotic, so there is effective information loss. One can’t predict the  weather more than a few days in advance.” (Unitarity is the part of  quantum theory that strongly disapproves of event horizons being a point  of no return.)The research paper concludes: “The absence of  event horizons mean that there are no black holes — in the sense of  regimes from which light can’t escape to infinity. There are however  apparent horizons which persist for a period of time.” (Read: <a href="http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/172961-nasas-swift-discovers-100000-super-massive-black-holes-in-its-spare-time" target="_blank">NASA’s Swift discovers 100,000 super-massive black holes, in its spare time</a>.)It’s  worth noting that Hawking’s new paper is just two pages long, contains  no calculations, and hasn’t yet passed peer review. It does seem to do  what it set out to achieve, though. Complex problems don’t necessarily  have complex solutions. Speaking to <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/stephen-hawking-there-are-no-black-holes-1.14583" target="_blank">Nature</a>,  Hawking had a little more to say about the matter, too: “There is no  escape from a black hole in classical theory,” Hawking said. “[Quantum  theory, however] enables energy and information to escape from a black  hole.” To fully explain the process, though, the theoretical physicist  admits that we’re still looking for a theory that ties up gravity with  the other universal constants — a theory that , Hawking says, “remains a  mystery.”My avatar proves Stephen wrong..... nothing EVER escapes!</blockquote>

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