Had a cherry tree do that, turns out the scion (fruiting part of the graft) had died and the root stock had died.
I checked and as far as I can tell the graft looks fine. I did have the same thing happen with an apple tree. Have to tear that one out this spring. Planted a cherry tree last year. Holy hell, did that thing take off. Again, supposed to be self pollinating. We'll have to wait and see.
- - - Updated - - -
I had a contender peach from gurneys for 3 years and it died over winter after that 3rd summer. Before it died it produced about a dozen peaches and they were very good. It got to about 8 feet tall. Replaced with reliance which had a few peaches last year but this year Im hoping for a decent harvest, if it survives the winter.
Was it the only peach tree you had? I have a single pear tree as well. Thinking I may plant more this year if it will help them produce.