- #6 shot (pellet diameter around 2.75mm) emerges as a top recommendation, particularly in tungsten loads. Swedish manufacturer Norma's specialized anti-drone cartridge (AD-LER) selected #6 after extensive trials, finding it optimal for dispersion and impact against FPV drones.
Ukrainian experience also supports #1 to #6 sizes in tungsten for dense, lethal shot clouds that can disable drones with 1-3 hits.
- #4 birdshot or buckshot is another strong contender for slightly better energy at ranges up to 25-30 yards, with tests showing it effective at shredding propellers and surfaces.
#4 buck offers more penetration but a sparser pattern, making it riskier against agile targets.
- Smaller sizes like #7-9 work for very close ranges (~30 yards) with denser patterns but lose energy quickly.
Larger like #2 or #1 carry farther (up to 135 yards in some tests) but reduce hit density.
Tungsten or non-lead alternatives (e.g., bismuth, steel) outperform lead for penetration and range retention, especially in magnum shells (3-inch or longer) to maximize payload, though they increase recoil.
A 12-gauge semi-auto with a modified choke for tighter patterns enhances effectiveness.
#6 shot lead at a 1 1/4oz will yield a healthy dose of about 340 pellets providing a nice dense pattern with enough down range energy to knock out a drone.
#4 buckshot or birdshot - would get the job done if you can actually hit the target - pattern density will be less.
Steel - wouldn't be my first choice, but will it do some damage - yes and no.
Tungsten 18g/cc or Tungsten 15g/cc would be the best, but at over $110/lb not economical and difficult to obtain right now. From physics standpoint Bismuth, Steel and/or Copper do not outperform lead as the density of lead is higher than both of those options by quite a bit.
From a pattern density and down range energy standpoint, a 1oz. load of Tungsten 18g in #8-9 shot @ 1350 fps would take care of drone rather well.
You'd actually want a more open choke for higher density metals for best results out to 40-60yds. Inside 30yds, shooting a mod choke you'd have to be right on target or plan to miss alot if not accurate shooter.