A 5-weight, 9-foot rod will get you started. It can handle most stream trout and pink salmon (like on MN's north shore in the fall) but it won't take on big running king salmon. You'll need at least an 8 or 10-weight for that. If you just want to "get into" the sport, a 5-weight with a basic reel and floating line will work, and will handle panfish and bass and smaller pike and walleye. I've even landed a 32" carp on a 5wt after about 20 minutes!
The Cabela's RLS+ combos are good starters for the money, and will get you everything you need to get started (minus tippet and flies) and, they're on sale right now for the holidays - but I see they're on backorder too.
If you're fishing small streams or small lakes anywhere in the Rockies, midwest, the Driftless area in SE MN, MN North Shore (excluding salmon and steelhead), ND trout lakes or the Turtle River that set up should work for you!
Basic fly selection:
Nymphs - a dozen pheasant tails, four of each in size 14, 12 and 10
Streamers - a dozen woolly buggers (color mix of black, brown, olive), four of each in size 8, 10, 12
Dries - 3 Adams, Size 14, 3 Elk Hair Caddis Size 12, 3 foam beetles size 14, and 3 hopper patterns, size 8, because they're cool.
Good luck, and let us know what you go with and how you do!