Here is what to look for when buying hearing protection.....All hearing protection is assigned a "Noise Reduction Rating" or NRR. Plugs will generally have a higher NRR than muffs. The highest NRR I have seen for plugs is 33 and for muffs, 31. The NRR will be noted on the packaging for the plugs or muffs.
The impulse noise from a 30 caliber rife runs between 155-165 decibels. To calculate the effectiveness of ear protection, subtract 7 from the NRR and divide that by 2. This will give you the decrease in decibels provided by your plugs or muffs.
Wearing muffs with plugs only provides you with an additional 5 decibels decrease. Do not combine the NRR's as the remaining noise you are hearing is transmitted through your skull, face, etc.
For example, lets say the noise from your rifle is 155 decibels and you are wearing plugs with an NRR of 31:
31-7 divided by 2=24 decibels of protection
155-24= 131 decibel exposure
Add muffs (-5) = 126 decibel exposure.
For reference, the OSHA threshold for an impulse noise is 140 decibels. Muffs with your plugs is a good idea.